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The beginnings of antispoofing can be seen in the patent 1942, despite the fact that the main purpose of this patent was the fight of the American radio-controlled sea-based torpedoes with a radio jamming of German boats and submarines. Similarly, cleaner fuels such as CNG and auto LPG are also used in road transport in smaller quantities as compared to conventional liquid fuels ( MoPNG, 2010 PPAC, 2009).Įvgeny Ochin, Łukasz Lemieszewski, in GPS and GNSS Technology in Geosciences, 2021 11 Briefly about antispoofing This is because of a greater dependence on road transport vis-à-vis rail transport, and a shift from steam traction to diesel and electric traction. This is evident from the declining share of coal and increase in the share of oil in railways. In addition, oil gradually replaced coal as a fuel in this sector. Further, the high level of growth of Indian economy, both in industrial and agriculture sectors, has led to substantial growth in diesel demand by the freight transport industry, resulting in greater demand for these fuels. The rapid expansion of the passenger transport industry in the past decade has led to significant increase in the demand for petrol. The consumption of diesel is expected to increase in future due primarily to preference of passenger and freight traffic through road transport.
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Aviation turbine fuel (ATF) is the only fuel type used in aviation, diesel and electricity are the major energy sources used for traction purposes in railways, and marine navigation (shipping) uses fuel oil (FO), diesel, and light diesel oil (LDO) in varying proportions. Road transport is the largest consumer of diesel and petrol fuel energy in the country. Among various modes of transport (road, rail, aviation, and navigation), air transport is the most energy intensive, followed by road transport. Bhattacharya, in The Indian Nitrogen Assessment, 2017 Energy Demand in Transport Sectorĭifferent modes of transportation use different forms of energy with varying efficiency and intensity ( Planning Commission, 2001).